![]() They concluded that the characteristics of the joints play an essential role in the shock wave propagation. 7- 12 Wu et al, 13 carried out the study for the blast wave-induced shock wave propagation in jointed rockmass. Scientists and researchers have carried out blast-related studies using different approaches. 6 Therefore, the blast resistant design of tunnels and other underground utility structures is required. 5 Some of the manmade hazards in the tunnels that have caused severe loss of life and property are Bayrampasa metro tunnel attack, London underground metro attack, Moscow metro tunnel attack, Minsk metro bombing, and Saint Petersburg metro attack. 1- 4 Tunnels are considered as high-risk zones due to the presence of numerous patronage in confined space at a single location. Therefore, underground structures, especially rock tunnel, have been an active area of research since the mid-19th century. Construction of the underground structures, especially tunnels for the efficient movement of humans and goods has resulted in the investment of a massive amount of money in the underground space. Underground structures have become an essential part of the metro cities. Moreover, the extent of damage in shallow depth tunnels found to be more than the tunnels at higher depth of overburden. The tunnel at 12.5 of the depth of overburden has been found 2.7-times more blast resistant than 5 m. Blast has been formulated through Coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian technique. The Jones-Wilkins-Lee, Concrete Damage Plasticity, and Mohr-Coulomb material models have been used for the modeling of trinitrotoluene, concrete, and rock respectively. However, the thickness of the concrete liner, depth of overburden, and mass of explosive charge has been varied to understand the response in different possible conditions. The diameter of the tunnel has been kept constant to a two-lane transportation tunnel. A three-dimensional finite element model of the tunnel has been developed in Abaqus. The present paper considered an internal blast loading on a rock tunnel constructed in Quartzite rock. The increase in the strategic importance of tunnel construction has increased the demand for the blast-resistant design approach. In the past few decade tunnels were targeted to explosives and that resulted in sizeable structural damage. ![]()
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